Music and Middle Ages Essay Example For Students

Music and Middle Ages Essay What are the Hurricane melodies? For what reason would they say they are significant? - Its an assortment of music ornamented in cuneiform in a mud tablet. In those days , It was imperative to show youthful guys or females how to play then today. 2. What is the Natty Shasta? For what reason is it significant? - Its an Indian treat that perform workmanship, encompassing music , theater , and move. For Indians since its a presentation, Its essential to show culture and what kind of music they tune in to. 3. Who were troubadours? How was their music? - It was a gathering of authors and entertainers of a verse around the time 1100-1350 in he Middle Ages. Their kind of music is scandalous and wicked melodies of affection. 4. What are the modes in Western music? Portray at any rate one mode in Western music. They are a progression of pitches that are normally used to play music. One model would be Lydia. 5. What is polyphonic music? How can it contrast from monophonic music? - Is a music that utilizes at least one autonomous songs. The distinctions were Monophonic was vanquished in the beginning of the medieval times and in different hands , Poly. Was popular and was utilized all the more frequently. Basic Thinking Questions 6. For what reason did early people create music? What are a portion of the manners in which that they were thought to make music? - The Early people expanded the music to a copy tone and sound they heard. It was to help close by with people and Most of the manners in which they conceptualized to make or make music was utilizing their voice. 7. For what reason is the investigation of ancient and old music significant? What would we be able to gain from it? - It was significant in light of the fact that they generally revealed proof that was associated with music and how music was impacted by them today. Music and Middle Ages By Mister-Ajax c:

Barack Obama And John Kennedy Comparison

Barack Obama And John Kennedy Comparison During Barack Obamas presidential crusade 2008 the media regularly considered him the dark Kennedy or the new JFK. Be that as it may, for what reason would they say they are contrasted with one another? The 35th and 44th leader of the United States of America were the two democrats and extremely magnetic, yet this isn't unordinary for American lawmakers. The lives of Obama and Kennedy will be the fundamental subject in this paper, furthermore articles and addresses will be utilized. The main Chapter will contain the life stories of the two presidents, to give a short foundation. The subsequent Chapter will contain a more intensive gander at the correlation of Barack Obama and John F. Kennedy. During this Chapter I will differentiate explicit focuses which show how comparative or, as the case might be diverse the two presidents are. There will be an examination of their training, political vocation and family life. In this end this content will close whether the correlation is doing equity to both of the two presidents. Life story John Fitzgerald Kennedy was conceived in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29th 1917 (Pergande 2011: 18) and experienced childhood in a white special family, which is associated with the political arrangement of the United States of America since the 1880s (Pergande 2011: 13, 18). From his youth he had the benefit to get decent instruction, for instance in 1930 he went to Canterbury in Connecticut, a catholic life experience school and later he visited the protestant first class school Chaote, additionally in Connecticut. He began school at the London School of Economics, however after he got debilitated because of a, by then obscure disease, he went to Princeton. After another time of ailment he followed his sibling to Harvard in 1936 (Pergande 2011: 18). In 1946 he was chosen into the House of Representatives, where he remained until 1952, when he was chosen congressperson of Massachusetts (Pergande 2011: 29-31). On November eighth 1960 he was chosen president and got down to business on January twentieth 1961 (Pergande 2011: 138). At 43 years old he was the most youthful president at any point chose (Pergande 2011: 67). On November 22nd 1963 John F. Kennedy was killed in Dallas, Texas and covered on November 25th on the Arlington National Cemetery (Pergande 2011: 139) Two years sooner, in 1961 Barack Hussein Obama, the child of a white lady from the low working class, who was conceived in Kansas and an African student from abroad at the University of Hawaii was conceived (Marschall 2009: 49-51). Barack Obama moved on from Punahou-Highschool in Hawaii and went to the Occidental College in Los Angeles in fall 1979, where he got a full grant. Following two years he utilized the exchange program, that Occidental offered, to the Columbia College in New York, which has a place with the Columbia University (Marschall 2009: 83-84). In 1983 Barack Obama graduated with a recognition in political theory. A short time later he needed to function as a Community Organizer to help battling African-Americans. In the wake of applying to a few social equality associations without finding a solution he chose to accept a customary position. He was employed as a colleague by Business International Corporation in Mid-Manhattan in January 1984. In 1985 he left Business International to support the penniless individuals (Marschall 2009: 86-87). Obama filled in as a Community Organizer in Altgeld, Chicago (Marschall 2009: 89). Until he got acknowledged in Harvard Law in 1988 (Niven 2009: 14) and graduated in 1991 (Marschall 2009: 101). 1993 he joined the lawyers office Miner, Barnhill and Galland, which was particular on social equality cases. Simultaneously he additionally turned into an educator for established law at the University of Chicago (Marschall 2009: 139). In 1996 Barack Obama was chosen Senator in the parliament of Illinois, which was his first elective office and after eight years, in 2004, he became Senator of Illinois (Marschall 2009: 149). In the wake of turning into the presidential contender for the democrat party, he was chosen president on November fourth 2008 (Marschall 2009: 11). Barack Obama: The new John F. Kennedy? As should be obvious Barack Obama and John F. Kennedy had two very surprising lives. In any case, for what reason is Obama contrasted with Kennedy so frequently? On an absolute first view Obama and Kennedy were both youthful, attractive and charming and they epitomized change and expectation, which were regular topics during their battles (Sorensen 2007: 2; von Marschall 2009: 19). They were disappointed with the ongoing government and financial status of the USA, cautioned of the threat of war. Moreover, underscored the hugeness of majority rules system on different occasions and furthermore the significance of national quality, to recover the United Stated on target. They needed to improve the worldwide standing and authority of the country. During their addresses, wherein the two of them lectured the legislative issues of expectation rather than the governmental issues of dread (Sorensen 2007: 2) they constantly approached the American individuals with deference and never talked down (Sorensen 2007: 2) to them. In his discourse Inaugural Address at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on January 20 1960, after he became leader of the United States of America, John F. Kennedy discussed opportunity, change and expectation: We watch today not a triumph of gathering, yet a festival of opportunity representing an end, just as a start connoting reestablishment, just as change (John F. Kennedy 1960). Much the same as Barack Obama, in his Victory Speech subsequent to being chosen president he stated: Its been bound to happen, however today around evening time, in view of what we did on this day, in this political decision, at this extremely important occasion, change has come to America. (Barack Obama 2008) Both, John F. Kennedy and Barack Obama were first-term representatives and nearly youthful when they got chose presidents. Kennedy was just 43 years of age and Obama was 47 years of age. In this way they were called excessively youthful and individuals accepted that they had an absence of experience (Sorensen 2007:01). Moreover, during their crusades the two presidents had a contention concerning their strict accepts. John F. Kennedy was Roman Catholic and there has never been a catholic leader of the United States of America previously. Individuals were stressed over the impact of his religion on Kennedys fill in as a potential president (Sorensen 2007: 1). In his discourse in the Rice Hotel in Houston, Texas on September 12, 1960 Kennedy plots the main problems of his crusade in 1960, the spread of socialist impact, neediness and training. In any case, he likewise responds to the analysis about his religion by saying: But since I am a Catholic, and no Catholic has ever been chosen President, the main problems in this battle have been clouded [㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦] So it is evidently vital for me to state by and by not what sort of chapel I put stock in, for that ought to be significant just to mebut what sort of America I have confidence in. [㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦] I trust in an America where strict bigotry will some time or another end-where all men and all houses of worship are dealt with equivalent. (John F. Kennedy 1960) There was an issue concerning Barack Obamas religion too. He was scrutinized for his congregation. The cleric of the Trinity United Church of Christ, Jeremiah Wright, was extremely radical in his perspectives, particularly about the worldwide political job of the USA and prejudice. He accused every single white individuals to be possibly bigot (Marschall 2009: 114). Obama additionally responded to these allegations with a discourse wherein he removed himself from Pastor Jeremiah Wright and his announcements, however when Wright formally questions that Obama extremely inaccessible himself from these announcements, Obama breaks with his minister and leaves the Trinity United Church of Christ (Marschall 2009: 116-117). Additionally some Catholic chiefs believed that Kennedy was not Catholic enough (Sorensen 2007: 2). This is a sentence which Barack Obama additionally needed to hear, however for his situation it was alluding to his skin shading. Due to his white mother and his adolescence in an all-white family unit it is said that his legacy is preferably white over dark (Younge 2007: n. pag.). Another reality they share practically speaking is that both roused youngsters to cast a ballot (Sorensen 2007: 3). Kennedy was the primary president who utilized the new mass medium Television (The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum 2012: n.pag.) to contact the individuals of his nation and his appearance was like a pop star, which made him exceptionally famous inside the gathering of youthful voters and ladies (Pergande 2011: 68). Likewise Barack Obama utilized present day media during his battle. He was the primary president who utilized online stages like YouTube and interpersonal organizations like Facebook and Twitter to illuminate, contact and prepare youthful voters (Marschall 2009: 41). Moreover, the two presidents were bolstered by superstars. Honest Sinatra sung the tune High Hopes, which was distributed on Vinyl record and broadly spread 1917. In this tune Sinatra sings Come on and vote in favor of Kennedy and Jack is progressing nicely (Pergande 2011: 66). B ig names like Will.i.am, with his tune Yes, we can and different specialists like Scarlette Johansson or John Legend upheld Barack Obama (Gosa 2010: 399). Both, Barack Obama and John F. Kennedy had a war to manage. During Kennedys administration the Cold War occurred between the socialist and entrepreneur nations and he likewise needed to manage the Cuba Crisis and the war in Vietnam (Pergande 2011: 74-97). When Obama became president the war in Iraq has just been begun by 43rd president Georg W. Shrubbery and another war was going on in Afghanistan. (Marschall 2009: 21). These wars drove the United States into the most exceedingly terrible budgetary emergency of this century and an affordable decrease in the entire country (Marschall 2009: 23). In spite of all that, there are additionally a great deal contrasts among Kennedy and Obama. John F. Kennedy was naturally introduced to a white family which was at that point some portion of the American political framework for over 50 years. His folks were affluent thus he could manage the cost of decent training, however his evaluations were never that acceptable (Pergande 2011: 19). From the earliest starting point John F. Kennedys electi

Grammar Is A Piano I Play By Ear Joan Didion Quotes for Her Birthday

Grammar Is A Piano I Play By Ear Joan Didion Quotes for Her Birthday Joan Didion is the author of lovely and heartbreaking work like  The Year of Magical Thinking,  an account of the year after her husband died while her daughter was unconscious in the hospital, and Slouching Towards Bethlehem, about her experiences living in California in the 1960s. Shes an amazing and important writer, and today is her birthday, and were going to celebrate by giving you a few snippets of some of her best lines. But really, you should celebrate by going out and reading all her lines. ALL OF THEM. Grammar is a piano I play by ear. -from  Essays and Conversations Although I have felt compelled to write things down since I was five years old, I doubt that my daughter ever will, for she is a singularly blessed and accepting child, delighted with life exactly as life presents itself to her, unafraid to go to sleep and unafraid to wake up. Keepers of private notebooks are a different breed altogether, lonely and resistant rearrangers of things, anxious malcontents, children afflicted apparently at birth with some presentiment of loss.  Slouching Towards Bethlehem A place belongs forever to whoever claims it hardest, remembers it most obsessively, wrenches it from itself, shapes it, renders it, loves it so radically that he remakes it in his own image. We Tell Ourselves Stories in Order to Live “Marriage is memory, marriage is time. Marriage is not only time: it is also, parodoxically, the denial of time.” The Year of Magical Thinking To live without self-respect is to lie awake some night, beyond the reach of warm milk, the Phenobarbital, and the sleeping hand on the coverlet, counting up the sins of commissions and omission, the trusts betrayed, the promises subtly broken, the gifts irrevocably wasted through sloth or cowardice, or carelessness. However long we postpone it, we eventually lie down alone in that notoriously uncomfortable bed, the one we make ourselves. -On Self Respect There is no real way to deal with everything we lose. -from Where I Was From “I tell you this true story just to prove that I can. That my frailty has not yet reached a point at which I can no longer tell a true story.” Blue Nights “I think we are well advised to keep on nodding terms with the people we used to be, whether we find them attractive company or not. Otherwise they turn up unannounced and surprise us, come hammering on the minds door at 4 a.m. of a bad night and demand to know who deserted them, who betrayed them, who is going to make amends.” Slouching Towards Bethlehem Do you have a favorite Didion line? Save

Inorganic Chemistry Definition and Introduction

Inorganic chemistry is defined as the study of the chemistry of materials from non-biological origins. Typically, this refers to materials not containing carbon-hydrogen bonds, including metals, salts, and minerals. Inorganic chemistry is used to study and develop catalysts, coatings, fuels, surfactants, materials, superconductors, and drugs.  Important chemical reactions in inorganic chemistry include double displacement reactions, acid-base reactions, and redox reactions. In contrast, chemistry of compounds that contain C-H bonds is called organic chemistry. The organometallic compounds overlap both organic and inorganic chemistry. Organometallic compounds typically include a metal directly bonded to a carbon atom. The first man-made inorganic compound of commercial significance to be synthesized was ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate was made using the Haber process, for use as a soil fertilizer. Properties of Inorganic Compounds Because the class of inorganic compounds is vast, its difficult to generalize their properties. However, many inorganics are ionic compounds, containing cations and anions joined by ionic bonds. Classes of these salts include oxide, halides, sulfates, and carbonates. Another way to classify inorganic compounds is as main group compounds, coordination compounds, transition metal compounds, cluster compounds, organometallic compounds, solid state compounds, and bioinorganic compounds. Many inorganic compounds are poor electrical and thermal conductors as solids, have high melting points, and readily assume crystalline structures. Some are soluble in water, while others are not. Usually, the positive and negative electrical charges balance out to form neutral compounds. Inorganic chemicals are common in nature as minerals and electrolytes. What Inorganic Chemists Do Inorganic chemists are found in a wide variety of fields. They may study materials, learn ways to synthesize them, develop practical applications and products, teach, and reduce the environmental impact of inorganic compounds. Examples of industries that hire inorganic chemists include government agencies, mines, electronics companies, and chemical companies. Closely related disciplines include materials science and physics. Becoming an inorganic chemist generally involves gaining a graduate degree (Masters or Doctorate). Most inorganic chemists pursue a degree in chemistry in college. Companies That Hire Inorganic Chemists An example of a government agency that hires inorganic chemists is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Albemarle, and Celanese are companies that use inorganic chemistry to develop new fibers and polymers. Because electronics are based on metals and silicon, inorganic chemistry is key in the design of microchips and integrated circuits. Companies that focus in this area include Texas Instruments, Samsung, Intel, AMD, and Agilent. Glidden Paints, DuPont, The Valspar Corporation, and Continental Chemical are companies that apply inorganic chemistry to make pigments, coatings, and paint. Inorganic chemistry is used in mining and ore processing through the formation of finished metals and ceramics. Companies that focus on this work include Vale, Glencore, Suncor, Shenhua Group, and BHP Billiton. Inorganic Chemistry Journals and Publications There are numerous publications devoted to advances in inorganic chemistry. Journals include Inorganic Chemistry, Polyhedron, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Dalton Transactions, and Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan.

Essay on The World Is so Orderly That God Must Have...

‘The world is so orderly that God must have created it.’ Discuss. The world can be a magnificent place and many would say that it is the most intricate and complex creation to ever exist. There are many examples of ‘order’ and design in the world. Some people believe that these designs are so complex; that they must have been designed for the world to be this way, and that this designer is God. Others oppose this view and believe that the world was not created by God but due to other reasons. Many Christians believe that God created the world in six days because it is stated in the bible. They feel that the world is so ambiguous and intricate that someone must have created it. As they believe that God is the ultimate power of being†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the appearance of design proves the existence of God. On the other hand, many people also believe that the world was not intentionally created or designed by God but was merely an accident. Some people believe in the Big Bang theory and that the universe was created by a massive explosion where it is still expanding till this very day. This is because they feel that not everything that has ‘order’ must have been deliberately arranged to be that way but could have just happened due to natural occurrences. In my opinion, I do not believe that the order in the world is an indication to God’s creation. One of the reasons is that if the world was created by an omnipotent, omniscient and benevolent God, then why is there so much evil and chaos in the world? Another point is that design is not necessarily something that has to have a designer. An example of this is how an embryo is formed. A baby has many intricate features, such as having fingers and toes, eyes, a mouth †¦etc. But when it was formed at the point of conception, it was not designed to look or be a certain way. The parents of the baby did not design the way the gender of the baby or the way it looked or the way it acted. The creation of the genes of a baby is purely something just occurs by chance; therefore, I do not believe that the world was created byShow MoreRelated Comparison of Genesis I and Exodus 20 Essay672 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Bible is the creation of the covenant and the giving of laws and command ments. Although the creation of the world in Genesis I and the pronouncement of the Ten Commandments in Exodus 20 are two completely different accounts in the Bible, there lies a similar theme between them: God creates an orderly and hierarchical universe, both natural and moral. In Genesis I, God creates an orderly natural universe. He separates and categorizes everything he creates. For instance, he separates the seventh dayRead MoreExamine the Key Features of the Teleological Argument?1491 Words   |  6 Pagesposteriori and like the cosmological argument, attempts to prove the existence of God. It claims that certain phenomena within the universe appear to display features of design and are perfectly adapted to fulfil their function. Therefore, if features of the universe are so perfectly designed, for example the structure and function of the heart, then there must be a designer, which points towards the existence of God. The teleological argument is based around the idea that the universe in some wayRead MoreWorldview Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesA worldview is the basis from which we view reality and make sense of life and the world around us (focusonthefamily). It is a combination of all you believe to be true and what you believe becomes the motivation behind every decision, action, and emotion you make, ultimately shaping your identity. As a Christian, it is important to have your own worldview and be familiar with the worldviews of others. One of the most effective and fruitful ways to engage with non-Christian religions and ideas isRead MoreHoly Spirit Assessment #3 Kayla Rodway . Q1 - Five Key1459 Words   |  6 Pagesequip us to be able to serve and glorify the Lord while Jesus continues His ministry though us. When we use our Spiritual Gifts to glorify the Lord we are contributing to the overall heath and growth of the church. 1 Peter 4:10-11 shows us that we have each been given a Gift by the Holy Spirit and when we use that Gift we find the strength we need to build up the Church. The Gifts of the Spirit are messages of wisdom, knowledge, faith, gifts of healing, miraculous powers, prophecy, distinguishingRead MorePost Puritan Examples Of Jeremiads1625 Words   |  7 Pages1. To understand post-Puritan examples of jeremiads, one must understand what a jeremiad is. A jeremiad is writing that denounces society and articulates about its’ downfall. Post-Puritan examples of jeremiads can be found throughout history. For example, The General Court in Massachusetts opened each year since 1634-1690 with an election sermon but, eventually the sermons turned into jeremiads. Samuel Danforth gave a sermon called A Brief Recognition of New England’s Errand into the Wilderness,Read MoreThe Existence of God Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Existence of God In this essay I am going to explore and analyse arguments concerning the existence of God. I will be investigating all the different beliefs about God from Christians including: Moral and Divine Command, Ontological, Cosmological and the argument from design. These areas of belief will all be fully considered and analysed in depth. After doing this, I will therefore come to a conclusion of my own sort and explain my own beliefs and thereRead MoreThe World View Of The Bible1670 Words   |  7 PagesMany people in the world today have decided that a world view doesn’t matter; that everyone can simply believe what they would like to believe, and it wouldn’t make a difference. However, someone’s worldview determines there every act! Hitler for example, believed that Jews, disabled people and elderly people were worthless; he thought that he could make a perfect world. So his beliefs led to his actions. There is only one world view that is correct, one that would explain all questions and thatRead MoreBill Nye : An American Science Educator1495 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledges, like experimental or observational science. People created technology from these two methods. Observational science which is for obvious reasons. Some geologists take present-day rates of radiometric decay and rock formation and imagine that the rates have always been the sa me. That’s why they think the earth is so old. But we can not zip back in time to test this for accuracy. Students are really important groups in the world. What they believe depends on what they learn. The public schoolsRead MoreThe Media And Its Popularity933 Words   |  4 Pagesaccidentally come into being, or was it the artwork of a more majestic being? Or did the self. existing God give nature the trigger and everything else came in an orderly manner? These types of questions are not new to humanity. Predated philosophers since the times of Plato and Aristotle, around 300.400 BC, have already asked themselves about their existence. On the other side, theologians have always existed even before the cradle of civilises ion. the Sumerians, some 6,000 years ago. ReligiousRead MoreEssay about The Characteristics of God1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Characteristics of God In Section eleven of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding Hume argues that if a teleological argument is sufficient proof for a god, then that god must have deficiencies in morality, power, benevolence and intelligence. I will present Hume’s argument and the subsequent objections he considers. As well, I will defend Hume’s final position by giving my best objection to it and explaining how that objection fails. Hume chooses to speak about the matter in the style of

Sea change and kathryn dell barton Free Essays

Composers use distinctly visual images to visualize and allow us to understand the impact of human experiences. Deborah Cox used visual Imagery in the television series ‘Sea Change’ to create an effective message about human experiences; this Is also amplified In ‘Cell block tannic composed by Rob Marshall and Kathy del Baron’s artwork You are what Is most beautiful about me’. Paragraph 1 In the sea change episode not such great expectations’ Debt Cox skillfully uses visual images as a powerful medium to convey truths about human expectations. We will write a custom essay sample on Sea change and kathryn dell barton or any similar topic only for you Order Now She invitingly reveals that individual’s life experiences may be in conflict with those of others, due to different values. This is evident in the father and son relationship that Bob and Craig Jelly have. Bob is initially presented as a pushy, arrogant and selfish real estate agent who wished that his son will follow in his footsteps and have the same career as himself. This is evident in the effective use off medium tracking shot in the scene where Bob and Craig Jelly are dressed in identical vibrant red real estate blazers as they walk across the headland gazing down upon the natural beauty of Pearl Bay. However, bob Jelly is challenged to reassess his values when the Imagery suggests that he expects his son to follow In his footsteps and become a real estate agent. Bob wants to transform Craig Into a clone of himself. This Is demonstrated through Cox’s skilful use of a medium shot in the scene where Bob is standing behind Craig (whose facial expressions suggests he is listening intently to Bob’s words of wisdom) while Bob gazes off into the distance absorbed by his own apparent wisdom. Cox highlights the growth in Craig Jelly by demonstrating that he as learned that following in his father’s footsteps would be the best opportunity for him. Link to question In this episode Debt Cox allows us to visualize and understand the impact of human experiences. Bob Jelly Is trying to put his son on the right track and get him the best job In the family real estate. Relating to this our parents want us also to get the best Job opportunity. Link to next paragraph The theme of relationships between children and their parents Is also experienced In the artwork you are what is most beautiful about me† painted by mother of 2 Kathy Dell Barton. Paragraph 2 The artwork illustrates a painted self portrait of Kathy Dell Barton with her 2 children painted in the foreground. The painting includes larger colorful flowers and vines entwined between the 3. This gives the viewer an insight that through life the impact of becoming a mother can have a dizzying effect on human experiences. This is seen through the use of plants, flowers and colored lines running throughout the painting. Barton uses symbolism through the green colored lines, plants and flowers. This suggests new life and that motherhood Is an act of nature, it is natural. In this painting Kathy Dell Barton demonstrates that everybody comes together as one In a family but each member Is still In Individual. The representation of the large eyes explores that the three are very alike, but with different eye colors the three are individuals but are all cohesive. Link to question in a human experience. With Kathy in the background of the image it suggests she is putting her children first, putting there needs ahead. Just like our parents would for us. How to cite Sea change and kathryn dell barton, Papers

Theorist of Modern Novel free essay sample

In the early twentieth century the modernist novel exploded literary conventions and expectations, challenging representations of reality, consciousness and identity. These novels were not simply creative masterpieces but also crucial articulations of revolutionary developments in critical thought. In this volume Deborah Parsons traces the developing modernist aesthetic in the thought and writings of James Joyce, Dorothy Richardson and Virginia Woolf. Considering cultural, social and personal influences upon the three writers and connections between their theories, Parsons pays particular attention to their work on: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ forms of realism the representation of character and consciousness gender and the novel concepts of time and history. An understanding of these three thinkers is fundamental to a grasp of modernism, making this an indispensable guide for students of modernist thought. It is also essential reading for those who wish to understand debates about the genre of the novel or the nature of literary expression which were given a new impetus by Joyce, Richardson and Woolf’s pioneering experiments within the genre of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Theorist of Modern Novel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deborah Parsons is a senior lecturer and chair of postgraduate programmes at the University of Birmingham, UK. Her principal interests are in Modernism and visual and urban culture. The books in this series offer introductions to major critical thinkers who have influenced literary studies and the humanities. The Routledge Critical Thinkers series provides the books you can turn to first when a new name or concept appears in your studies. Each book will equip you to approach these thinkers’ original texts by explaining their key ideas, putting them into context and, perhaps most importantly, showing you why they are considered to be significant. The emphasis is on concise, clearly written guides which do not presuppose specialist knowledge. Although the focus is on particular figures, the series stresses that no critical thinker ever existed in a vacuum but, instead, emerged from a broader intellectual, cultural and social history. Finally, these books will act as a bridge between you and their original texts: not replacing them but rather complementing what they wrote. In some cases, volumes consider small clusters of thinkers working in the same area, developing similar ideas or influencing each other. These books are necessary for a number of reasons. In his 1997 autobiography, Not Entitled, the literary critic Frank Kermode wrote of a time in the 1960s: On beautiful summer lawns, young people lay together all night, recovering from their daytime exertions and listening to a troupe of Balinese musicians. Under What they repeated was largely hearsay; hence my lunchtime suggestion, quite impromptu, for a series of short, very cheap books offering authoritative but intelligible introductions to such figures. There is still a need for ‘authoritative and intelligible introductions’. But this series reflects a different world from the 1960s. New thinkers have emerged and the reputations of others have risen and fallen, as new research has developed. New methodologies and challenging ideas have spread through the arts and humanities. The study of literature is no longer – if it ever was – simply the study and evaluation of poems, novels and plays. It is also the study of the ideas, issues and difficulties which arise in any literary text and in its interpretation. Other arts and humanities subjects have changed in analogous ways. With these changes, new problems have emerged. The ideas and issues behind these radical changes in the humanities are often presented without reference to wider contexts or as theories which you can simply ‘add on’ to the texts you read. Certainly, there’s nothing wrong with picking out selected ideas or using what comes to hand – indeed, some thinkers have argued that this is, in fact, all we can do. However, it is sometimes forgotten that each new idea comes from the pattern and development of somebody’s thought and it is important to study the range and context of their ideas. Against theories ‘floating in space’, the Routledge Critical Thinkers series places key thinkers and their ideas firmly back in their contexts. More than this, these books reflect the need to go back to the thinkers’ own texts and ideas. Every interpretation of an idea, even the most seemingly innocent one, offers its own ‘spin’, implicitly or explicitly. To read only books on a thinker, rather than texts by that thinker, is to deny yourself a chance of making up your own mind. Sometimes what makes a significant figure’s work hard to approach is not so much its style or content as the feeling of not knowing where to start. The purpose of these books is to give you a ‘way in’ by offering an accessible overview of these thinkers’ ideas and works and by guiding your further reading, starting with each thinker’s own texts. To use a metaphor from the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), these books are ladders, to be thrown away after you have climbed to the next level. Not only, then, do they equip you to approach new ideas, but they also empower you, by leading you back to a theorist’s own texts and encouraging you to develop your own informed opinions. Finally, these books are necessary because, just as intellectual needs have changed, so the education systems around the world – the contexts in which introductory books are usually read – have changed radically, too. What was suitable for the minority higher education system of the 1960s is not suitable for the larger, wider, more diverse, high-technology education systems of the twenty-first century. These changes call not just for new, up-to-date, introductions but for new methods of presentation. The presentational aspects of Routledge Critical Thinkers have been developed with today’s students in mind. Each book in the series has a similar structure. They begin with a section offering an overview of the life and ideas of the featured thinkers and explaining why they are important. The central section of the books discusses the thinkers’ key ideas, their context, evolution and reception: with the books that deal with more than one thinker, they also explain and explore the influence of each on each. The volumes conclude with a survey of the impact of the thinker or thinkers, outlining how their ideas have been taken up and developed by others. In addition, there is a detailed final section suggesting and describing books for further reading. This is not a ‘tacked-on’ section but an integral part of each volume. In the first part of this section you will find brief descriptions of the key works by the featured thinkers, then, following this, information on the most useful critical works and, in some cases, on relevant websites. This section will guide you in your reading, enabling you to follow your interests and develop your own projects. Throughout each book, references are given in what is known as the Harvard system (the author and the date of a work cited are given in the text and you can look up the full details in the bibliography at the back). This offers a lot of information in very little space. The books also explain technical terms and use boxes to describe events or ideas in more detail, away from the main emphasis of the discussion. Boxes are also used at times to highlight definitions of terms frequently used or coined by a thinker. In this way, the boxes serve as a kind of glossary, easily identified when flicking through the book.

Inexpressibility - Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Inexpressibility s in Rhetoric Definition In rhetoric, inexpressibility refers to a speakers inability to find or use the appropriate words to describe a situation or relate an experience. Also called the inexpressibility trope or inexpressibility topos. Inexpressibility may be regarded as one of the tropes of silence or as adynatona type of hyperbole that emphasizes a subject by stating the impossibility of describing it. Examples and Observations Shakespeare himself couldn’t come up with the right words to describe the scene at the Staples Center Thursday night. It was a disaster moviefor the Los Angeles Lakersplaying out before our eyes on TNT. A proud franchise falling in epic fashion at the hands of the former doormat franchise that has existed in the Lakers’ shadow all these years.(Sekou Smith, Twitter Reacts: The Lakers Worst Loss Ever . . . and the Clips Biggest Win Ever. Sekou Smiths Hang Time Blog, March 7, 2014)Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter.(Goneril in Act One, scene one of The Tragedy of King Lear by William Shakespeare)I do not err in conceiving that you are interested in details of all that is majestic or beautiful in nature; but how shall I describe to you the scenes by which I am now surrounded? To exhaust the epithets which express the astonishment and the admirationthe very excess of satisfied astonishment, where expectation scarcely acknowledged any boundary, is this, to i mpress upon your mind the images which fill mine now, even till it overflow?(Percy Bysshe Shelley in a letter to Thomas Love Peacock, Mont Blanc, July 22, 1816) Dantes Use of the Inexpressibility Trope If I had words grating and crude enough that really could describe this horrid hole supporting the converging weight of Hell, I could squeeze out the juice of my memories to the last drop. But I dont have these words, and so I am reluctant to begin. (Dante Alighieri, Canto 32 of The Divine Comedy: Inferno, trans. by Mark Musa. Indiana University Press, 1971) But if my verse would have a defect When entering into the praise of her, For that is to blame the weak intellect And our speech, that does not have the power Of spelling out all that Love says. (Dante Alighieri, Convivio [The Banquet], c. 1307, trans. by Albert Spaulding Cook in The Reach of Poetry. Purdue University Press, 1995) Inexpressibility in the Lyrics of Cat Stevens How can I tell you that I love you, I love you But I cant think of right words to say. I long to tell you that Im always thinking of you, Im always thinking of you, but my words Just blow away, just blow away. (Cat Stevens, How Can I Tell You. Teaser and the Firecat, 1971) There are no words I can use Because the meaning still leaves for you to choose, And I couldnt stand to let them be abused, by you. (Cat Stevens, The Foreigner Suite. Foreigner, 1973) Inexpressibility From Homer to Wes Anderson You might say The Grand Budapest Hotel is one big example of the device that rhetoricians call the inexpressibility trope. The Greeks knew this figure of speech through Homer: I could not relate the multitude [of the Achaeans] nor name them, not if I had ten tongues and ten mouths. The Jews know it, too, through an ancient part of their liturgy: Were our mouths as full of song as the sea, and the joy of our tongues as countless as the waves . . . we still could not give thanks enough. And, needless to say, Shakespeare knew it, or at least Bottom did: The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen, man’s hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive nor his heart to report what my dream was.† Anderson’s goofy dream is of course closest to Bottom’s version of inexpressibility. With great panache and an almost imperceptible wink, he serves up witty confections of sets, costumes and acting that are as deliberately mismatched to the terrors of this history as is Zero to Gustave. This is the film’s ultimate incongruity, meant to amuse and touch you while keeping Anderson honest about his firsthand ignorance of fascism, war and a half-century of Soviet dreadfulness. (Stuart Klawans, Missing Pictures. The Nation, March 31, 2014) Inexpressibility Topoi The root of the topoi to which I have given the above name is emphasis upon inability to cope with the subject. From the time of Homer onwards, there are examples in all ages. In panegyric, the orator finds no words which can fitly praise the person celebrated. This is a standard topos in the eulogy of rulers (basilikos logos). From this beginning the topos already ramifies in Antiquity: Homer and Orpheus and others too would fail, did they attempt to praise him. The Middle Ages, in turn, multiplies the names of famous authors who would be unequal to the subject. Included among the inexpressibility topoi is the authors assurance that he sets down only a small part of what he has to say (pauca e multis). (Ernst Robert Curtius, Poetry and Rhetoric. European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, trans. by Willard Trask. Princeton University Press, 1953) Also See Apophasis  and  Paralepsis AposiopesisEmphasisFigures, Tropes, and Other Rhetorical TermsOccultatioTopoiVerbal Irony

Be a Ruthless Editor

Be a Ruthless Editor Be a Ruthless Editor Be a Ruthless Editor By Michael Hard rules are a good thing for writers sometimes. The sonnet is one of the strictest forms of poetry, but some of the worlds greatest poems are sonnets. A haiku form is even stricter, seventeen syllables in three lines. Hard word counts force a writer to overcome his or her natural laziness by editing ruthlessly. Because writers have no choice but to keep on ruthlessly editing and shortening until the piece is short enough, their job becomes easier, paradoxically. With fewer choices, decision-making becomes faster. There is only room to make one main point, and once you decide what it is, theres no need to struggle to fit any others in. Tighten Your Writing Ruthless editing becomes a necessary skill because some short writing opportunities have very hard word count limits. For example, each of my monthly allotment of academic journal abstracts could never exceed 150 words, After I completed them, they were loaded into a searchable database your local library may have a subscription to it. The database included fields for the author, title and publication, each with limited lengths, but the abstract field in the database could only hold 150 words. So I had to keep editing and reediting until my abstract was less than 150 words. It was a hard rule that could not be broken. Builders talk about load-bearing walls. When youre remodeling your house, if you want to open up the floor plan or provide more space, maybe you decide to remove a wall. Thats fine, unless the wall is a load-bearing wall. If you remove a load-bearing wall, part of the building will fall down. As you remove sentences or words, parts of the sentence or paragraph that used to be cosmetic become load-bearing. This is a good thing: it makes you pay more attention to what youre writing. It requires your writing to be more efficient. And that makes your writing easier to read, because there is less fluff to read through, and it makes your writing more powerful. Ruthless editing can lead to honest evaluation. Summarizing your work in a shorter form, as in a pitch letter or synopsis, provides you a reality check on what you wrote. If you cant briefly present your work without sounding ridiculous, maybe (I gently suggest) maybe it is ridiculous. Help the Reader Besides the invigorating, astringent benefits to the writer learning to edit ruthlessly, brief writing benefits the reader too. The human mind can only hold so many thoughts and words at once, just as a computer screen or the page of a book can only hold so many words. So for example, academic researchers need abstracts to be brief so that several can be compared on a single page or computer screen. Short summaries let readers get a taste of the writers ideas or many writers ideas in a small space and time. By limiting the number of ideas in the summary, the writer also limits the number of ideas that need to fit into the readers head at one time. With fewer ideas to focus on, the reader has more room to think about them. With fewer words to move around in your head, words can be moved around more easily, compared, pondered and felt. Which is more effective: a single powerful, precise word or a string of twenty words that mean exactly the same thing and add nothing more? Here are some tips for editing ruthlessly: Cut Riskily Set a goal for yourself, if your editor hasnt already, to cut 10% from your draft. But why stop there? Choose a paragraph and cut out one-fourth. Or take a risk, let the adrenaline flow and cut it down one-half. Youll be surprised at how often the passage still works. (Often it wont thats why its called a risk.) If it doesnt work, simply restore the cut passage from your recently saved draft. Some reasons why such ruthless cutting often works: You may find you had more fluff than you thought. The passage still works because the cut part never did. You may find that the cut part wasnt as necessary as you thought. Only when its gone do you realize you can live without it. It was pulling some weight, but not so much. If you want, take the best words from it, use them elsewhere, and move on. You may find that your reader doesnt need the cut part to figure out whats happening. When a character leaves the room, your reader will assume the character went through a door without being explicitly told. Make Less More Even if I increase it to 1,000 or 100,000 words, I still cant improve on the classic six-word-novel: For sale: baby shoes, never worn No one is saying that War and Peace would be improved if it were edited down from 587,287 words to 1,000 words. If you want to deal with five families and the Napoleonic War, you will need a lot of words. But a key to ruthless editing and having the heart to do it in the first place is being able to see when you have gained more than youve lost by cutting words. Maximize Your Space If you have a limited number of words to work with, make each word carry its weight. For example: The river flowed through the river bed, making a sound like thunder. We can cut some of those words without losing any meaning. Rivers always flow, usually through river beds, and thunder is always a sound. Changing it to The river thundered or The thundering river says as much in three words as the original sentence did in eleven really, it says more. Now I have to find a new, sleek sentence to put them into. It will take a little work to make the most of them, just as it takes a little work to make the most of the garlic chives I just harvested from my garden. But should I give up a good thing because it takes work? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†That vs. WhichTypes of Ignorance

Telecomm Question Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telecomm Question - Research Paper Example d by Lancaster University indicated that a professor at the University of Lancaster was at the forefront of developing technology that has the capability of speeding up the development of the 5G (fifth generation) wireless communication. Reports indicate that the professor together with colleagues from China has concluded a worldwide review of the 5G progress including the challenges underlying its implementation (Lancaster University, 2015). According to the project review team, greater breakthrough in telecommunication is on the way as research and development go on with to meet their commercial goal of the Firth generation network for everyone by 2020. The review team also expects new techniques and network architectures to merge to promote the existing cellular systems. A research conducted by the review team indicates an overview of potential network architecture. On other hand, the report also highlights various techniques, which could be used to develop the 5G system by analyzing the 5G current research and requirements. Some of these techniques include; Millimeter wave communications, Massive Multiple input multiple output, Non-orthogonal multiple access, and Cognitive radio and Device to device communications among others (Zheng, Zhang, Ding, Fan, & Li, 2015). 5G network systems will offer a platform that that will not only increase communication speed, it will also open doors to different industrial and consumer applications and uses. Some practical example of the uses the systems will be put into includes health monitoring devices, autonomous cars, and interactive gaming gadgets among others. Additionally, the system is expected to provide faster data sending rates between the sender and the receivers, faster download speeds of data, a more linked world and most importantly a longer battery life. In order to make this dream a reality, the research and development have started the pursuit in the bid to seize leadership. Moreover, large amount of

Conceptual paper on marketing of your choice Research

Conceptual on marketing of your choice - Research Paper Example Sustainability is relative to the societal concept, which means that tourism resources must be under control to ensure an environment free from pollution. Besides, it focuses on depletion and must be applied appropriately in a way that benefit the future generation. With many concerns of environment, tourism industry has since adopted the concept of sustainability. As such, it has remained an important concept towards environmental sustainability. Mayon (2013), clarifies that there is a wide range of possibilities by, which the public spend holiday activities and leisure time. Touring and exploring the environment is one of the leisure activities that most people love. Whereas, some members of the public may decide to seek for the nature walk in the jungle far away from home, others may decide to utilize such an opportunity in luxurious hotels. Regardless of any form of leisure, precautions must be taken to ensure that its negative impacts to the environment are avoided. It has also been pointed out that tourism exert pressure to the environment around the destinations that are frequented by members of the public. In essence, a tour around coastal terrain causes an impact to the communities, especially around areas that are mostly dominated by visitors. In certain environments, hotels and lodges have been built taking up land that initially played an important host to both living organisms and the society that are also critical to the ecosystem. Besides, campsites and bone fire that are used as alternative accommodation to warm the environment during at night have also attributed to massive degradation of the environment. The above activities enhance the rate of landslides and depletion of water catchment areas. Eventually, the environment becomes even much more eroded when raw toxic wastes from restaurants are released into water bodies hence increasing the rate of

Critically assess the main arguments in Outsiders

Critically assess the main arguments in Outsiders Arguing that social deviance is a more common phenomenon than perceived and that conventional wisdom that social deviants are pathological is incorrect Howard S. Becker, born April 18th 1928, is a well known renowned American Sociologist. Of all his many writings, Outsiders, which was written in 1963, is one of his most imperative and prominent works, regarded as critical classical study within the discipline of sociology and deviance. It can be said that it is one of Beckers most famous pieces of work which offered one of the first and clearest explanations for the labelling theory. Outsiders continues to be a seminal text on the Interactionists approach to deviance in society today. He states that the outsider the deviant from group rules has been the subject of much speculation, theorizing, and scientific study (Becker 1997: 3). Howard Becker elaborates the study of deviance specifically from a social perspective, and considers the processes by which people or different types of acts come to be labelled as deviant. His ideas and arguments are based upon his notion that deviance is not a quality of a bad person but it is the res ult of someone characterizing and labelling someones activity as bad. This essay asks one to critically assess the main arguments Becker puts forward in Outsiders. Becker sets the foundations for his ideas on labelling theory in his book and furthers the notions of other Sociologists such as Edwin Lemert. Lemert has been commonly credited with being the founder and one of the firsts to discuss what has been called the Societal Reaction theory. In Lemerts book Social Pathology written in 1951, Lemert summarized an approach which has been regarded and considered to be an original version of the labelling theory. In his book he focuses on the social construction of deviance and explained deviance to be the product of societys reaction to an act and the affixing of a deviant label to the actor. The book explains the concepts of primary and secondary deviance and according to Lemert; primary deviance is the initial incidence of an act causing someone of authority to label the actor as deviant. This initial labelling of an act deemed deviant would stay prima ry for as long as the actor can rationalize the process as a function of a socially acceptable role (Lemert 1951). As well as discussing the theory of labelling, Becker appraises the process in where users of marihuana become labelled as deviants and talks about jazz music. The main objective is to attempt to critically evaluate and analyse the ideas and themes contained within the book and assess his arguments. The book was written in the 60s and as a consequence it is quite outdated, and although some of his ideas and theories are relevant in todays society, some of them can not in context. In addition he uses the term `Negros rather than African American to describe black people and he puts homosexuality into the same deviant group such as alcoholics, gamblers and people who are on drugs. In Beckers book he coins and furthers the term labelling theory. It explains that if individuals or groups are defined as deviant, there will be important and often unanticipated consequences at the level of behaviour (Abercrombie et al. 1988: 132). Chapter one explains what deviance is and Becker argues the limitations of existing attempts to define deviance. He explained for deviance to exist, the behaviour has to be first observed and then judged to be deviant. Becker stated that social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance; and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them outsiders (Becker 1997: 9). When a rule is enforced, the person who is supposed to have broken it may be seen as a special kind of person, one cannot be trusted to live by the tiles agreed on by the group. He is regarded as an outsider (Becker 1997: 3). Furthermore, Becker points out that what one may define as a deviant; another perhaps in a different society would not. In addition the person who is thus labelled an outsider may have a different view of the matter and may believe that those that have judged them not to be legitimately entitled to do so so then the rule breakers may see those tha t judged as outsiders. Becker stated that different social groups created deviance by making the rules whose infraction constituted deviance and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders. Becker stated that after one has been ascribed as a deviant, they then progress down the path of a deviant career as that is what they have been labelled as. This then becomes hard to get rid of. Becker claimed though that when we are studying people who are deviant we should not take their deviance for granted due to the fact we cannot assume that these people have actually committed a deviant act or broken some rule, because the process of labelling theory may not be infallible. Furthermore, an individual who has been labelled as a deviant may not have committed the act intentionally believing that it was in fact deviant. In addition, this does not necessarily mean that the individual was even a deviant in the past which is a critical examination of the book. Wh en a person is labelled as such by society, they then accept this label so because they now seem themselves as criminals they then are likely to continue on their deviant behaviour (Becker 1997).  Deviant becomes a master status, it becomes the key definition in the eyes of the wider society of who and what you are. In chapter two Becker points outs and states that he is not here to argue that only acts which are regarded as deviant by others are really deviant (Becker 1997: 19). If we look at this in relation to homosexuality, in the 60s it was deemed as a criminal offence but too those who were homosexual it was who they were. Becker explains two different models of deviance; the simultaneous and sequential models. The simultaneous claims that particular behaviours occur as a result of a number of variables arising at the same time and the sequential model contends that particular behaviours are caused by sequence of occurrences. Becker criticises the implicit theoretical assumption in standard which attempts to explain deviancy; that all factor operate simultaneously and seek to predict behaviour. Becker used juvenile delinquency as an example and explained and argued that coming from a broken home or in an environment with negative influences will not necessarily lead to juvenile delinquency but rather would be one of a series of sequential events or circumstances.  The sequential model in addition is too apparent in the following two chapters which detail and explain how one learns the techniques of how to use marihuana and this in the process assists the formation of an individual identity. this may include joining a social group in which the drug is available and learning their techniques on how to smoke. For instance, most users agree that it cannot be smoked like tobacco if one is to get high (Becker 1997: 46). In addition without the use of some such technique the drug will produce no effects and the user will be unable to get high. In relation to a musician career, which is one of the topics Becker discusses, he stated that Members of the musicians demographic go from being `normal family men to dance musicians, adapting to the needs of that sub-culture as they do so. For example, a musician may feel pressurized and forced into playing commercial music to meet perceived demand, even if that is not the type of music they wanted to play or produce. Musicians in general continuously adapt their music to the needs of their sub-culture, even if this means compromising the quality of their music. As a result they may have been seen to be selling out, loosing their integrity and in addition they would have lost the respect from their musical counterparts.  In todays society this may be apparent in hip hop, with many people complaining that the integrity of the genre has gone with record labels interested on what sells more, rather than good music. In relation to deviance, Becker linked it and explained the processes through which dance musicians find work as deviant. Even though their culture may be different to that of an ordinary job, what they do is no different to what occurs in the music industry today. A popular quote used in show business is its not what you know, its who you know and it is just as imperative and important today as it was back in the 1960s. Nevertheless there is a contradiction when Becker talks about losing the respect of other dance musicians. It leads to the question though that how can respect be lost if all dance musicians act in the same way and manner. Thus can it be seemed deviant. The final chapter looks at problems and sympathies within the study of deviance, where Becker describes a lack of substance in the theories that exist, believing them to be faulty or inadequate. He believes that not enough is known about deviant groups such as homosexuals, and gaps exist not just with homosexuals but with other deviant groups. He also describes how access to information and to the groups that are the focus for study is restricted, because those classed as outsiders in turn reciprocate that label to the rest of society; this forms part of an element of protection on the deviants part. Questions are posed, such as `how do researchers find doctors who are drug-addicts themselves, or even homosexuals of certain kinds? Becker even asks what stand-point the researcher will take, due to the many levels of individual characteristics in any social group; essentially, how will a researcher remove any other factors that may influence his study beyond that which he intends to ma nipulate.   The work analysing how deviance is socially constructed is revelatory. This has pure presence. Becker shows how deviance is created through the appliance of rules by people who define deviance and then search for the miscreants. It is form of institutional violence enacted on the powerless outer groups to create an inner sense of camaraderie; the socially included.   Becker examines some of the criticisms and feels that labelling theory was created as a way of looking at a general area of human activity (1963). Moreover he suggests that it was created as a way of looking at a general area of human activity (1963).   However, it is not a theory, with all the achievements and obligations that go with the title, nor is it focussed exclusively on the act of labelling as some have thought. Moreover, Becker does mention some of the criticisms given to labelling theory. For example, he states how interactionist theories have been accused of giving aid and comfort to the enemy, be the enemy those who would upset the stability of the existing order of the Establishment. In essence, we have already mentioned the suggestion of Erikson that deviance is a necessary part of society, showing the difference between right and wrong, and encouraging the majority of society to toe the line at the expense of the deviant minority. A further criticism mentioned by Becker is that given by many conservative critics (although other non-conservative critics have also noted this) that is, that interactionist theories of deviance openly or covertly attack conventional morality. Becker acknowledges this, suggesting that int entionally or otherwise, they are corrosive of conventional modes of thought and established institutions. Becker (1967) goes as far as to say that the labelling theorist must side with the deviator, as it is up to the sociologists to remedy unfair situations. However, not all theorists would see the work of Becker and the other labelling theorists as quite so radical. As a matter of fact, many sociologists view labelling theory as an untestable and untrue theory. Furthermore, Becker (1963) acknowledges that his labelling theory is a theoretical approach, not a true theory. As well, Becker suggests that sociologists should attempt establishing empirical tests for his approach. As well, further criticism is given due to the fact that, following behaviour patterns is the mere result of the behaviour patterns being ascribed to it. Secondly, he suggests that while considering the more usual, everyday types of deviance, such as homosexuality, prostitution, and juvenile delinquency, the l abelling theorists have totally ignored a more dangerous and malevolent type of deviance, what Liazos himself terms covert institutional violence. He suggests that this type of violence leads to such things as poverty and exploitation, the war in Vietnam, unjust tax laws, racism, sexism, and so on (1972). However, it is questionable whether labelling theorists should even attempt to discuss forms of deviance such as this in the same way as more commonplace individual crimes, or whether the two should be kept totally separate, being so different in subject matter. Liazos also criticises the labelling theorists as they do not consider the extent of the importance of power in their substantive analysis, although all stress its importance. He says that the really powerful, the upper classes and the power elite, those that could be referred to as the top dogs, are not considered in any great detail by the labelling theorists. A further criticism of the labelling theory is that of Jack Gi bb (1966). He questions the success of the labelling theorists in terms of how they interpret the defining of behaviour as deviant, as well as, how much study is actually done in this area. In addition, Becker (1963) goes out of his way to explain the underlying problems of labelling theory. First of all, he suggests that there are not enough studies of deviant behaviour. He further implies that there are not enough studies of enough kinds of deviant behaviour. Finally, he insists that another deficiency of the labelling theory is that they dont have enough studies in which the persons doing the research achieve close contact with those that they study, in order for them to become aware of the complex and manifold character of the deviant activity. Becker (1963) also speaks of the difficulty with secrecy. As a matter of fact, in many cases the deviant individual performs deviant acts in secrecy and does not wish this behaviour to be known universally. For example, in the results fou nd by Humphreys in his study of the `Tearoom Trade`, many of the individuals partaking in homosexual behaviour were married with children. When asked later in questionnaires about their views on homosexuality, very few admitted to visiting the tearooms. In its entirety, the labelling theory has been imperative within the discipline of Sociology. What is more, after extensive critical analysis it appears to be evident that the theory has proven to be very significant in establishing a relative body of empirical research evidence on the study of crime and deviance. After an individual has been labelled a deviant they then lead a life of crime and become deviants which is the main focus Becker stressed. Nevertheless, Becker also pointed out that when studying deviant people one should not take their deviance for granted, as one cannot presuppose they had actually committed a deviant or criminal act for the reason that the process of labelling theory may not be foolproof and reliable. In other words, to be labelled deviant does not necessarily mean that the individual is, or has been deviant in the past.   Some sociologists dispute the labelling theory and insist it is not really a theory. Becker stressed the need for more empirical research on his study of it as he concluded Outsiders and many sociologists today have furthered his ideas and explanations. Nevertheless, the labelling theory will forever remain useful as long as deviant behaviour exists in society. Critically, Becker focuses on the way society reacts to people with criminal labels. He proposes that this label becomes a persons master status, meaning that this is a constant label, affecting and over-riding how others will view them. The status people use to identify and classify a person will always be that of a criminal and no matter what other social status the individual has, they will always be deemed deviant. He declared that one may be someone high in class, perhaps a sibling, parent or spouse nevertheless the first and major status that everyone would focus on was the criminal and deviant label (Becker 1963).  

Kinds of research data Essay

The basic classification of research data is in terms of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research entails examination of numerical data by using mathematical models and statistical procedures. (Morgan, 2000). Qualitative research involves use of analysis and opinions to explain interviews and documents and understanding the phenomenon. The study requires a qualitative and some quantitative approach rather than a purely numerical one. Data Collection Approaches Data collection approaches can be primary and secondary. Both primary and secondary approaches will be utilized Extensive research will be carried out in the Library as well as on the World Wide Web. Qualitative Research Methodologies Qualitative methodology focuses on â€Å"quality† a term referring to the essence or ambience of something. Qualitative methods are used to understand complex social phenomena. In the present situation, literature survey along with interviews and questionnaires will be the key techniques used for data collection, collation and analysis. Case-Study Research Methodology. Case study in the primary research methodology employed in this study. A case study is an enquiry which uses multiple sources of evidence. It evaluates a contemporary phenomenon in real life context within the boundaries of the phenomenon and when the context is not clearly evident. Potter, (1996) has defined case study as a â€Å"realistic† methodology, which deals with solid and specific questions. Case study translates research objectives into more researchable problems, and provides rich examples, which are easy to comprehend. The significance of case studies is its revealing the meaning of a phenomenon. A peer group case study approach is considered best suited than other techniques to implement this research, as it will concentrate on an empirical, contemporary problem. It will also enable answering the questions as, â€Å"why† and, â€Å"how† to understand the underlying motivations. It will generate empirical data and interesting information specific to the phenomenon under study. Research cases offer a unique tool to testing theory by examining phenomena which are beyond the traditional statistical approaches. (Potter, 1996). Case study research is useful to the aims because the degree to which a case study produces valid and credible information is generally higher than qualitative research in a more general survey. An analysis of the Chinese and UK banking systems is proposed to be carried out with reference to the case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London. Limitations of Case Study One of the limits of case studies is the difficulty of generalizing their findings. If the case design is sound and if the researcher is careful to be explicit about the phenomenon and the context of the study, then results can be generalized.(Potter, 1996). Another limit of case studies is that they generate a lot of information that needs to be logically handled to strengthen the argument presented in order to develop credible conclusion. Research Instruments Primary data is collected for the research study to answer a specific question. Ways of collecting this kind of information includes surveys, observation or controlled experiments. Surveys are one of the most common ways to collect data, where the subject can be contacted through mail, telephone or directly in personal interviews. (Veal, 2000). It entails sending questionnaires, interviews and non-formal enquiries made to people. By carrying out interviews of a significant number of individuals a broad perspective can be provided. This research will collect data by essentially the method of interviews and questionnaires. Data Collection Method Questionnaire Survey Surveys are frequently used to obtain information about social issues. Jones (1997) has described that survey needs planned strategy to gather data. Surveys can be conducted in many ways, over the telephone, by mail or in person. Questionnaire surveys are ideal for providing complex information. Questionnaire involves a sample of the population which can range from few hundreds to few thousands depending on the research study (Veal, 2000). Questionnaire technique has been used in the study. Limitation of the questionnaires On an average the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, but a key drawback is low response rate. This will result in low level of confidence and distort the analogy of statistical information. Another weakness of questionnaire is the fact that it is a structured format and allows little room for flexibility with respect to reply by the respondents. Interview Interviews will form an interactive part of this study and will be carried out after the secondary research is done in combination with the questionnaire. When doing these interviews it will be important to keep a neutral view of the research topic, where the actual behavior instead of an intended behavior needs to be identified. Veal (2000) has described interview as a strategy to find out from people about the things, which cannot be observed directly.

Military Approaches Of India, Philippines And Switzerland

Military approaches of India, Philippines and Switzerland In the 21st century, it is inevitable for states to make a diplomatic and strategic decision without being influenced by defence capabilities of their enemies and friends. Post World War II the approach adopted by India, the Philippines and Switzerland are defensive in nature. The Swiss National Redoubt and Indian Sundarji were developed within these states, while the Philippines strategy was based on foreign military dependency. For all these three countries their approach is greatly influenced by geography, economy, their history of existence (culture) and aggressive neighbours. Since the art of war is changing significantly, these states are finding themselves in a vulnerable†¦show more content†¦They protect 14,103 km of international border and 7000 km of coastlines (GFP Staff 2014). Of these international borders, China shares 2,659 km and Pakistan shares 3,190 km. Both of these neighbours infiltrated the Indian territory in the past and have a continuous conflict over international borders with India. India spends more than 2.5% of its annual GDP on defence budget. As per Global Fire Power (GFP) ranking India was ranked fourth among hundred and six countries (GFP Staff 2014), but almost two third of their expenditure goes to counter the activities of Pakistan’s against which India historically fought four wars. As recorded by former defence minister George Fernandez, India has a â€Å"non aggressive, non provocative defence policy based on the philosophy of defensive defence† (Ahmed 2014). The Indian army was operating under Sundarji doctrine between 1981 and 2004. Under this doctrine the seven defensive â€Å"holding corps† were deployed against the Pakistan border to respond to enemy penetration. While India’s offensive powers were with three â€Å"Strike Corps† which were located in central India, quite far away from international borders. ( Mathura I Corps, Ambala II Corps, and Bhopal XXI Corps)( Ladwig 2008a). In a war situation, the holding corps should deter and halt an attack, which would then enable the strike corps to counter attack and penetrate deep

Online Shopping Is Important Parts Of Many People

Since the internet came out and developed, online shopping has become important parts of many people. With the rapid development of the Internet in the world, more and more people began to start online shopping due to its convenience, time-saving and benefits. For the definition, Online shopping is an act of purchasing items or services on the Internet and has grown in popularity over years. Narrowly speaking, it can be understood as searching online information and having online deals. But broadly speaking, if one section of shopping is finished online, it will be regarded as online shopping. What you need to learn is just to click your mouse and to wait instead of going out by foot or driving. According to a recent survey, people in†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Last year two of Alibaba’s portals together handled 1.1 trillion yuan ($170 billion) in sales, more than eBay and Amazon combined. Alibaba is on track to become the world’s first e-commerce firm to han dle $1 trillion a year in transactions.†( The Economist Newspaper) Specially, â€Å"$9.3 billion worth of orders were placed during the 24-hour â€Å"Singles Day† online shopping festival hosted by Alibaba on Tuesday.† (Shao) Why are people prefer shopping online to shopping in-store? Some reasons which need to prove will be offered in this essay. Online shopping is better than in-store one and will have more customers in the future because it has not only more choices and styles , less time and cost for customers, but also more benefits to the firms. The reason why online shopping is better among the customers is that people can find so many items in a single website or shop, or find a kind of item in different online stores. If someone search what he wants, he just needs to type the key words, hundreds, even thousands of items will come out in the records. A large amount of dynamic information will support for customers’s decision-making to make a compar ison with the quality, style or sales volume of an item. Today Amazon sells over 200 million products in the USA, which are categorized into 35 departments. There are almost 5 million items in the Clothing department, almost 20 million in Sports Outdoors, and over 4 million